Manage environment variables on Astro

On Astro, you can create, update, or delete environment variables for a Deployment in the following ways:

• Using the Deployment's Variables tab in the Astro UI.
• Using your Astro project Dockerfile.

The way you manage environment variables can affect security and access for your variable data. See Choose a strategy to determine which management strategy is right for your use case.

Additionally, you can test environment variables from your local Astro environment and export them to the Astro UI. See Manage environment variables locally.

Using the Astro UI

Setting environment variables using the Astro UI is the quickest and easiest way to manage environment variables on Astro.

1. In the Astro UI, select a Workspace, click Deployments, and then select a Deployment.

2. Click the Variables tab.

3. Click Edit Variables.

4. Enter an environment variable key and value. For sensitive credentials that should be treated with an additional layer of security, select the Secret checkbox. This permanently hides the variable's value from all users in your Workspace.

5. Click Update Environment Variables to save your changes. Your Airflow scheduler, webserver, and workers restart. After saving, it can take up to two minutes for new variables to be applied to your Deployment.

Edit or delete existing values

After you set an environment variable key, only the environment variable value can be modified. You can modify environment variables that are set as Secret, but the existing secret variable value is never shown. When you modify a secret environment variable, the existing value is erased and you are prompted to enter a new value.

1. In the Astro UI, select a Workspace, click Deployments, and then select a Deployment.

2. Click the Variables tab.

3. Click Edit Variables.

4. Modify the value of the variable you want to edit.

   

5. Click Update Environment Variables to save your changes. Your Airflow scheduler, webserver, and workers restart. After saving, it can take up to two minutes for updated variables to be applied to your Deployment.

Using your Dockerfile

If you want to store environment variables with an external version control tool, Astronomer recommends setting them in your Dockerfile. This file is automatically created when you first initialize an Astro project using astro dev init.

warning

Environment variables set in your Dockerfile are stored in plain text. For this reason, Astronomer recommends storing sensitive environment variables using the Astro UI or a third-party secrets backend. For more information, see Configure a secrets backend.

1. Open your Astro project Dockerfile.

2. To add the environment variables, declare an ENV command with the environment variable key and value. For example, the following Dockerfile sets two environment variables:

   FROM quay.io/astronomer/astro-runtime:11.2.0
   ENV AIRFLOW__CORE__MAX_ACTIVE_RUNS_PER_DAG=1
   ENV AIRFLOW_VAR_MY_VAR=25

3. Save your Dockerfile and run astro deploy to deploy your variables to an Astro Deployment. To apply your changes locally, use astro dev restart to rebuild your image.

4. (Optional) To verify if the environment variables are applied correctly to Astro Deployment or your local Airflow environment, you can use os.getenv("AIRFLOW_VAR_MY_VAR") inside of Airflow DAGs and tasks.

   To view a list of all the environment variables set in your local Airflow environment, refer to the Step 4 of Using Astro CLI in local Airflow environment

To delete an environment variable from your Astro Runtime image, remove or comment the line in your Dockerfile that defines it.

info

Environment variables set in your Dockerfile are not visible in the Astro UI.

Manage environment variables locally

You can use the Astro CLI to set environment variables on Astro and your local Airflow environment. If you're developing locally, the best way to manage environment variables is using your Astro project .env file.

1. Open your Astro project .env file.

2. Use the following format to set your environment variables in the .env file:

   KEY=VALUE

   Environment variables should be in all-caps and not include spaces.

   Alternatively, you can run astro deployment variable list --save to copy environment variables from an existing Deployment to a file.

3. Restart your local environment using astro dev restart.

To confirm that your environment variables were applied:

1. Run astro dev bash --scheduler to log in to the scheduler container.
2. Run printenv | grep <your-env-variable> in the container to print all environment variables that are applied to your environment.
3. Run exit to exit the container.

To export the contents of your .env file to an Astro Deployment, run the following command:

astro deployment variable update --deployment-id <your-deployment-id> --load .env

warning

When you use the .env file to add or update environment variables on Astro, it will overwrite all existing variables in your Astro Deployment. To update only select environment variables, run astro deployment variable create without the --load option. For example, the following command creates two new environment variables without affecting existing Deployment environment variables:

astro deployment variable create AIRFLOW__CORE__DAGBAG_IMPORT_TIMEOUT=60 ENVIRONMENT_TYPE=dev --deployment-id cl03oiq7d80402nwn7fsl3dmv

After you deploy environment variables, your Deployment automatically restarts to and applies the variables. To verify if the environment variables were applied correctly, go to the Variables tab of your Deployment in the Astro UI.

Use multiple .env files

The Astro CLI looks for .env by default, but if you want to specify multiple files, make .env a top-level directory and create sub-files within that folder.

A project with multiple .env files might look like the following:

my_project
├── Dockerfile
├── dags
│   └── my_dag
├── include
│   └── my_operators
├── airflow_settings.yaml
└── .env
    ├── dev.env
    └── prod.env

See also

• Set Airflow connections using environment variables.
• Set Airflow variables using environment variables.
• Import and export environment variables